A sore throat is a common condition that most people will encounter at some point. It can be mild and fleeting or more severe and persistent, often making swallowing and speaking uncomfortable. 

While it’s usually not serious, a sore throat can disrupt daily life and cause concern, especially during colder months or flu season.

Typical Symptoms

• scratchiness, discomfort or pain in the throat

• difficulty speaking

• redness at the back of the throat

• swollen glands in the neck

• occasional fever, headache, or body aches

• hoarseness
  
  
  

What causes a sore throat?

The most frequent cause of sore throats are viral infections such as the common cold or flu. In other cases, bacteria like streptococcus can be responsible. Environmental factors such as dry air, smoke, pollen or mould can also irritate the throat. Occasionally, voice strain from talking, singing or shouting may leave the throat feeling raw. 

Most sore throats will resolve on their own within a week, especially if they are due to a viral infection. However, it’s important to pay attention to certain symptoms that may indicate a need for further medical assessment.

When to see your doctor

You should see your doctor if you or a family member experiences any of the following:

• difficulty swallowing

• a sore throat that lasts more than a few days

• your tonsils are enlarged or coated

• a high temperature (above 39°C)

• swelling in your neck

• earache or joint pain

If your sore throat is caused by a bacterial infection, your doctor will prescribe an antibiotic. It is important to take all of your antibiotics as this reduces the risk that your sore throat will return.

If your child is Māori or Pasifika, aged 4 to 19 years, lives in certain parts of the North Island and has a sore throat, please get it checked straight away. They are at risk of a serious but preventable illness called rheumatic fever.